Outlines of Lessons in Botany: For the Use of Teachers, Or Mothers Studying with Their Children. [Pt. I] |
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1ST BRANCH 2ND BRANCH 3RD BRANCH 4TH BRANCH acid gas aërial roots AMERICAN ELM animals arrangement assimilation axillary buds axils Bean become Beech bottle breathing bud-rings bud-scar called carbonic acid carbonic acid gas carrot caulicle cells compound compound leaf cork Corn cotyledons covered develop Dicotyledons differ dots epidermis fleshy flower-buds flower-cluster scars Flowering Plants flowers following experiment formed glass Gray's First Lessons green ground Horsechestnut inner internodes leaf leaf-arrangement leaf-buds leaf-scars Lilac Magnolia MAIN AXIS mark ment modified leaves moisture monocotyledons Morning-Glory movements Nasturtium NORWAY SPRUCE nourishment number of leaves outer oxygen pair of scales petioles Phyllotaxy Physiological Botany pistil pith Plants Grow plumule pupils Reader in Botany rings root grows root-hairs scholars seed seedlings seen shoots side specimens sponge stomata Sunflower teacher tendrils terminal buds tion tissue tree twigs veins vertical wood
Popular passages
Page 108 - In the course of the present volume it will be shown that apparently every growing part of every plant is continually circumnutating, though often on a small scale. Even the stems of seedlings before they have broken through the ground, as well as their buried radicles, circumnutate, as far as the pressure of the surrounding earth permits. In this universally present movement we have the basis or groundwork for the acquirement, according to the requirements of the plant, of the most diversified movements.
Page 52 - If it is winter, and flowers or growing plants can not be had, give each a branch of a tree or shrub, which may be two feet long. The examination of these is made during the usual time for preparing lessons, and not while the class is before the teacher. For the first recitation each is to tell what he has discovered. The specimens are not in sight during the recitation. In learning the lesson, books are not used ; for, if they are used, no books will contain a quarter of what the pupil can see for...
Page 82 - ... considerable height in a single stem. Here it usually divides into two or three principal branches, which go off by a gradual and easy curve. These stretch upwards and outwards with an airy sweep, — become horizontal, the extreme branchlets, and, in ancient trees, the extreme half of the limb, pendent, forming a light and regular arch. This graceful curvature, and absence of all abruptness, in the primary limbs and forks, and all the subsequent divisions, are entirely characteristic of the...
Page 53 - ... their separate conclusions. It is often astonishing to notice how much is discovered by so many good eyes. For the next lesson the students review the first lesson, report on a branch of another kind of plant which they have studied, and notice the points of difference and similarity between the two. In like manner new branches are studied and new comparisons made. For some weeks but little use is made of microscopes or text-books. In nearly all important cases specimens are examined, and a need...
Page 106 - ... which a bit of card with a black dot was fixed to a stick driven into the ground. The weight of the filament was so slight that even small leaves were not perceptibly pressed down.
Page 135 - ASSIMILATION. ice, in order to appreciably lower the temperature of the water. At a certain point it will be observed that no bubbles are given off, and their evolution does not begin again until the water becomes warm. (6) Examine, at the close of the series of simple experiments, some of the leaves with iodine solution, for the detection of starch. Even with no precaution the chlorophyll granules will reveal the presence of a considerable amount of the first visible product of assimilation, namely,...
Page 53 - If there is time, each member of the class is allowed a chance to mention anything not named by any of the rest. The pupils are not told what they can see for themselves. An effort is made to keep them working after something which they have not yet discovered. If two members disagree on any point, on the next day, after further study, they are requested to bring in all the proofs they can, to sustain their different conclusions.
Page 82 - American elm is, in most parts of the state, the most magnificent tree to be seen. From a root, which, in old trees, spreads much above the surface of the ground, the trunk rises to a considerable height in a single stem, Here it usually divides into two or three principal branches, which go off by a gradual and easy curve. These stretch upwards and outwards with an airy sweep, become horizontal, the extreme branchlets and, in ancient trees, the extreme half of the limb, pendent, forming a light...
Page 96 - ... Sometimes these are actually close to areas of major job loss, or maybe far away from areas of growth in relevant employment opportunities. But in any case the existence of such concentrations hardly seems consistent with the proposition that there are highly integrated metropolitan labour markets. Or, this would be the case, were it not for the fact that such integrated markets still produce very different outcomes for different types of people, and that those in the weakest position in the...