Physiological botany |
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Common terms and phrases
alcohol amount appear assimilation bark become Botanische branches cambium carbonic acid cell-wall cellulose central cylinder changes chemical chlorophyll chlorophyll granules collenchyma color coloring-matter consists contain cork cortex cotyledons crystals cutinized Darwin dicotyledons dilute dissolved ducts elements elongated embryo endodermis epidermal cells epidermis examined experiments fascicles fertilized fibres fibro-vascular bundles flowers germination glands growth hairs inner instance intercellular spaces iodine layer leaf leaves liber libriform light liquid mass matters medullary rays meristem monocotyledons Nägeli nascent nearly nectar nitric acid nitrogen nucleus organs outer ovule oxygen parenchyma parenchyma cells petiole Pfeffer pith pollen pollen-grains portion potassic produced protein protoplasm radial radicle reagents rings root-cap root-hairs roots Sachs seeds self-fertilized self-fertilized plants sér shown side soil soluble solution sometimes species specimen spiral starch stem stoma stomata structure substance surface temperature thickness threads tion tissue tracheïds Transverse section tube vegetable walls wood wood-cells woody yellow
Popular passages
Page 294 - I had that expectation when I first put a sprig of mint into a glass jar standing inverted in a vessel of water; but when it had continued growing there for some months, I found that the air would neither extinguish a candle, nor was it at all inconvenient to a mouse which I put into it.
Page 351 - We believe that there is no structure in plants more wonderful, as far as its functions are concerned, than the tip of the radicle. If the tip be lightly pressed or burnt or cut, it transmits an influence to the upper adjoining part, causing it to bend away from the affected side ; and, what is more surprising, the tip can distinguish between a slightly harder and softer object, by which it is simultaneously pressed on opposite sides.
Page 273 - The sole motive agency appears to be that intestine movement of molecules which is now generally recognized as an essential property of the gaseous condition of matter. " According to the physical hypothesis now generally received, a gas is represented as consisting of solid and perfectly elastic spherical particles or atoms, which move in all directions, and are animated with different degrees of velocity in different gases.
Page 27 - ... the walls of the cells, in the form of a closed vesicle, which becomes more or less contracted, and consequently removes all the contents of the cell, which are enclosed in this vesicle, from the wall of the cell.
Page 25 - For, as to the first, since our Microscope informs us that the substance of Cork is altogether fill'd with Air, and that that Air is perfectly enclosed in little Boxes or Cells distinct from one another.
Page 351 - ... for the life of the plant. The course pursued by the radicle in penetrating the ground must be determined by the tip ; hence it has acquired such diverse kinds of sensitiveness. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle thus endowed, and having the power of directing the movements of the adjoining parts, acts like the brain of one of the lower animals ; the brain being seated within the anterior end of the body, receiving impressions from the sense organs, and directing...
Page 208 - But, on the other hand, their peculiar physical aggregation with the chemical indifference referred to, appears to be required in substances that can intervene in the organic processes of life. The plastic elements of the animal body are found in this class.
Page 351 - ... by which it is simultaneously pressed on opposite sides. If, however, the radicle is pressed by a similar object a little above the tip, the pressed part does not transmit any influence to the more distant parts, but bends abruptly towards the object. If the tip perceives the air to be moister on one side than on the other, it likewise transmits an influence to the upper adjoining part, which bends towards the source of moisture.
Page 273 - To this atomic or molecular movement is due the elastic force, with the power to resist compression, possessed by gases. The molecular movement is accelerated by heat and retarded by. cold, the tension of the gas being increased in the first instance and diminished in the second.
Page 207 - Another eminently characteristic quality of colloids, is their mutability. Their existence is a continued metastasis. A colloid may be compared in this respect to water while existing liquid at a temperature below its usual freezing-point, or to a supersaturated saline solution.