From seed to leafGinn & Company, 1892 - Botany |
Common terms and phrases
American Elm animals arrangement Asa Gray assimilation axillary buds axils bark Bean and Pea becomes Beech begin bit of glass bottle breathing BUDS AND BRANCHES burning carbonic acid gas caulicle cells combustion compound compound leaf cork cotyledons covered develop Dicotyledons differ dots embryo Flax fleshy flower-buds flower-cluster Flowering Plants flowers following experiment Gray's First Lessons green growth Horsechestnut Indian Corn ing-Glory inner internodes layer leaf leaf-arrangement leaf-buds leaf-scars Lilac lime water Magnolia Maple marked match ment Monocotyledons Morning-Glory Morning-Glory seed Nasturtium Norway Spruce nourishment number of leaves outer oxygen pair petioles Phyllotaxy Physiological Botany pils plantlet Plants Grow plumule pupils questions Reader in Botany rings root grows root-hairs scales scars seedlings seen shoots specimens sponge starch stipules stomata Sunflower teacher tendril terminal buds tion tissue tree Tulip-tree twigs Vernation vertical wood woody
Popular passages
Page 100 - In the course of the present volume it will be shown that apparently every growing part of every plant is continually circumnutating, though often on a small scale. Even the stems of seedlings before they have broken through the ground, as well as their buried radicles, circumnutate, as far as the pressure of the surrounding earth permits. In this universally present movement we have the basis or groundwork for the acquirement, according to the requirements of the plant, of the most diversified movements.
Page 44 - If it is winter, and flowers or growing plants can not be had, give each a branch of a tree or shrub, which may be two feet long. The examination of these is made during the usual time for preparing lessons, and not while the class is before the teacher. For the first recitation each is to tell what he has discovered. The specimens are not in sight during the recitation. In learning the lesson, books are not used ; for, if they are used, no books will contain a quarter of what the pupil can see for...
Page 76 - ... considerable height in a single stem. Here it usually divides into two or three principal branches, which go off by a gradual and easy curve. These stretch upwards and outwards with an airy sweep, — become horizontal, the extreme branchlets, and, in ancient trees, the extreme half of the limb, pendent, forming a light and regular arch. This graceful curvature, and absence of all abruptness, in the primary limbs and forks, and all the subsequent divisions, are entirely characteristic of the...
Page 98 - Plants growing in pots were protected wholly from the light, or had light admitted from above, or on one side as the case might require, and were covered above by a large horizontal sheet of glass, and with another vertical sheet on one side. A glass filament, not thicker than a horsehair, and from a quarter to...
Page 98 - A glass filament, not thicker than a horsehair, and from a quarter to three-quarters of an inch in length, was affixed to the part to be observed by means of shellac dissolved in alcohol. The solution was allowed to evaporate, until it became so thick that it set hard in two or three seconds, and " it never injured the tissues, even the tips of tender radicles, to which it was applied.
Page 45 - ... their separate conclusions. It is often astonishing to notice how much is discovered by so many good eyes. For the next lesson the students review the first lesson, report on a branch of another kind of plant which they have studied, and notice the points of difference and similarity between the two. In like manner new branches are studied and new comparisons made. For some weeks but little use is made of microscopes or text-books. In nearly all important cases specimens are examined, and a need...
Page 98 - ... which a bit of card with a black dot was fixed to a stick driven into the ground. The weight of the filament was so slight that even small leaves were not perceptibly pressed down.
Page 98 - The bead and the dot on the card were viewed through the horizontal or vertical glass-plate (according to the position of the object), and when one exactly covered the other, a dot was made on the glass-plate with a sharply pointed stick dipped in thick Indian-ink. ( ither dots were made at short intervals of time and these were afterwards joined by straight lines.
Page 127 - ASSIMILATION. ice, in order to appreciably lower the temperature of the water. At a certain point it will be observed that no bubbles are given off, and their evolution does not begin again until the water becomes warm. (6) Examine, at the close of the series of simple experiments, some of the leaves with iodine solution, for the detection of starch. Even with no precaution the chlorophyll granules will reveal the presence of a considerable amount of the first visible product of assimilation, namely,...
Page 45 - If there is time, each member of the class is allowed a chance to mention anything not named by any of the rest. The pupils are not told what they can see for themselves. An effort is made to keep them working after something which they have not yet discovered. If two members disagree on any point, on the next day, after further study, they are requested to bring in all the proofs they can, to sustain their different conclusions.